Principles of Architecture

Let's understand first what you mean by 'Principles'?

Principles are basic guidelines and rules that inform as well as support the organization by which they sets about fulfilling its mission. Principles may be established at any or all of three levels depending on the organization:
* Enterprise principles
* Information Technology (IT) principles
* Architecture principles

We can define Architectural principles in various ways:

Architectural principles:
* Are statements of preferred practice that reflect a level of consensus among different organizations within an enterprise, such as IT, business units and support groups.

* Are long-term simple and direct statements and frame how an organization makes decisions about IT. All these principles are critical to achieving the objectives and goals of a company.

* Help in establishing a context for design decisions so that business criteria can be translated into specifications and language.

Then technology managers can use this information as they plan, design, develop, implement, test, and deploy an information system's IT resources and assets across the enterprise.

* Require to develop a framework which includes appropriate procedures and policies to support the implementation of the principles. Procedures and Polices are used to support the governance's application to architecture for its information and technology components.

Qualities of Principles:

There are five criteria that define a good set of principles:
* Simplicity
* Relevancy
* Consistency of interpretation
* Granularity
* Stability

How Architecture principles are used?

These principles focus on two main areas.

They are used to govern the process of:
* Developing the architecture - Architecture principles are needed to guide the development, maintenance and use of the enterprise architecture.

* Implementing the architecture - This means establishing the tenets and related guidance for designing and developing an IT system.

I hope you will keep all the qualities of Architecture principles in mind.

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The Principles Of Sustainable Architecture

The concept of sustainable architecture was born at the beginning of the Seventies: following the energy crisis of 1973, in Germany some experts began to study the methods to live in an eco-friendly way and trying to save energy. Energy-saving buildings, as well as many other solutions that are becoming more and more popular, are the result of those first studies, which have been deepened through the decades.

One of the first fields of study of sustainable architecture, which can been defined as the discipline that is aimed at building trying to maintain the balance between the wellbeing of people and the health of surrounding nature, was that of renewable energy sources, alternative to oil, like solar energy. The first examples of green buildings, which appeared in Europe and in the States in the Eighties, highlighted the attempt of searching for new methods to produce and not to disperse energy. With the passing of time this trend and the studies in this field have been deepened, while environmental problems, which are well-known by us all but seem to be impossible to be solved, have become more serious. Terms like external wall insulation, dehumidification, natural light have become part of the vocabulary of architecture and construction, and have begun to be used to describe new types of houses and buildings.

Sustainable architecture includes many sectors, from building materials to designing, from energy sources research to the insulation of buildings. As far as building materials is concerned, sustainable architecture is meant to use high performances, low environmental impact materials, which are not too expensive. This means avoiding to use materials that can be dangerous for our health, like chemical glues and paints, and replacing them with natural materials. Choosing materials for green buildings also means limiting the use of resources, perhaps using recycled or light materials, which can be more easily transported. As far as the designing stage is concerned, sustainable architecture is very focused on environmental impact, and tries not to change the habitat where the building will be built. First of all, architects need to consider the location of the building, which should be able to benefit from solar light and other atmospheric factors. Secondly, green buildings are meant to maintain the natural peculiarities of the place where they will rise, which also implies a focus on landscape projecting. As for energy sources, it is self-evident that green buildings are focused on energy saving. This results in a higher attention on alternative and renewable energy sources (in this sense solar and photovoltaic panels play an important role), but it also means using household appliances that consume less and studying some methods to avoid dispersing energy. In this sense, it is very useful to insulate buildings, using special walls, windows and doors that limit heat loss and the use of air conditioners and heating systems, which enormously contribute to air pollution.

If we all followed all of these and other principles of sustainable architecture, the advantages for the environment, as well as for our health and for our wallet, would be numberless.

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